In order to determine if steroidal hormone concentrations could be related to behavior and social rank in antelopes, fecal concentrations of corticosterone and testosterone were determined in the adult males of two species of antelope, elands Taurotragus oryx  (n=15) and oryxes Oryx dammah (n=11). Ad libitum and focal behaviors were recorded for a total of 650 hours.  It was found, that in both species, testosterone was highest at the time of estrus in the females. Both species demonstrated seasonal variation, as corticosterone was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season.  Dominance stress was apparent in dominant male elands but not oryxes.  While there was no evidence of subordinate stress, one oryx which had been dominant but then was excluded for two years had three fold higher testosterone and corticosterone than the other males at estrus [Acta Zoologica Sinica 54 (1): 44 – 51, 2008].